TACA-6 凯和布里埃尔的故事：一个家庭如何应对近十年的PANDAS
本帖最后由 StarCare 于 2026-5-15 16:11 编辑TACA-6 凯和布里埃尔的故事：一个家庭如何应对近十年的PANDAS
Kay and Gabriel's Story: One Family's Journey Through Nearly a Decade of PANDAS
注：这是一个家庭的真实故事，讲述他们如何应对孩子近十年的PANDAS（与链球菌感染相关的儿童自身免疫性神经精神疾病）
全面资源指南， PANDAS 故事, Kai 和 Brielle 的故事: 一个家庭如何应对近十年的 PANDAS
a
Kai and Brielle’s Story: How a Family Coped With Nearly
a Decade of PANDAS
凯和布里挨外的故事; — Sebi sales
性神经精神疾病
Siblings with
PANS/AE Overlap
Widman family. Kai is on the far left, Brielle is on the far right.
威德曼一家。遍在最左边，布里埃尔在最右边。
Micaela Widman’s children Kai and Brielle both suffered for years
from undiagnosed autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Learn how
they finally received life changing diagnoses and treatment.
AG MSS WAF th BeRaS AAAS ARs
炎多年。了解他们最终如何获得改变人生的诊断和治疗。
Micaela Widman and her husband Jerad live in Overland Park, Kansas. They have six children: Kai (22), Jace (20), Kale (18), Sterling (16), Brielle (14), and Brenna (10). From
2011 to 2018, both Kai and Brielle developed patterns of increasingly debilitating and unexplained physical and cognitive symptoms. These included personality changes,
behavioral issues, and convulsions. After years of testing and being in and out of hospitals, both children were eventually diagnosed with autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
米凯拉.威德曼和她的丈夫杰拉德住在堪萨斯州的欧弗兰帕克。他们有六个孩子: 凯 (2257) 、杰斯 (203) . SVR (1857) 、斯特林 (16) 、布里埃尔 (1457) 和布
伦娜 〈10 岁) 。从 2011 年到 2018 年，凯和布里埃尔都出现了越来越严重的虚弱目无法解释的身体和认知症状。这些症状包括性格改变、行为问题和抽搞。经过多年的检
查和进出医院，这两个孩子最终被诊断出患有自身免疫性脑背丹炎。
Below, Micaela discusses the many challenges families dealing with these conditions face when trying to get a diagnosis. She also cites the importance of education and
resources about PANDAS/PANS and related diseases for healthcare providers in the Midwest. PANDAS/PANS and Autoimmune Encephalitis are gradually being diagnosed
as a spectrum of the same attack to the brain. The Encephalitis Society and the Mayo Clinic estimate that 500,000 cases tragically go undiagnosed every year. The Widman
family has a history of autoimmune illness and central nervous system illness. Identifying genetic propensity is a goal in AE/PANDAS/PANS research.
以下，米凯拉讨论了在等试获得诊断时，患有这些疾病的家庭面临的许多挑战。她还引用了中西部医疗保健提供者关于 PANDAS/PANS 和相关疾病的教育和资源的重要
性。PANDAS/PANS 和自身免疫性脑炎逐渐被诊断为对大脑的相同攻击谱。脑炎协会和梅奥诊所估计，每年有 500,000 例病例未被诊断出来，这是悲剧。威德曼家族有自
身免疫性疾病和中枢神经系统疾病史。确定遗传倾向是 AE/PANDAS/PANS 研究的目标。
Learn more about their story, including how each sibling's unique symptoms ultimately helped the family arrive at a diagnosis for both children.
详细了解他们的故事，包括每个兄弟姐妹独特的症状最终如何帮助家庭为两个孩子得出诊断。
Struggling to Understand Kai's Initial Symptoms
努力了解凯最初的症状
Micaela and Jerad first knew that something was wrong in December 2011. At thattime, Kai developed symptoms that began to rapidly increase in frequency and severity.
While Kai was 12, Micaela says Uhal in retrospect he had been showing signs of PANDAS for years prior“Childhood symptoms manifested in Ure form of behavioral issues
such as combativeness, extreme strong will, incessant arguing, and inability to empathize,” says Micaela. “We dealt with these issues as behavioral problems, not
understanding that there was an underlying, associated health problem. | wish we could have had more information during those years.”
米凯拉和杰拉德在 2011年 12 月首次意识到有些不对劲。那时，凯开始出现症状，这些症状的频率和严重程度迅速增加。米凯拉说，凯当时 12 岁，回想起来，他几年前就
开始表现出儿童自身免疫性神经精神疾病的迹象。 "儿童时期的症状表现为行为问题，例如好斗、极强的意志力、不停地争论和缺乏同理心，"米凯拉说。 "我们把这些问题
当作行为问题来处理，没有意识到存在潜在的、相关的健康问题。我希望在那些年里我们能获得更多信息。”
Micaela and Jerad couldn't understand the sudden changes in 12-year-old Kai’s personality and behavior. “He started freaking out about everything, such as his brother
sitting too close to him on the couch, or a small, easy homework assignment,” says Micaela. “ thought that things were threatening to him that were unnoticeable to
anyone else. He also began having dark thoughts—as in, he didn’t want to live anymore.” Kai lost interest in school, something he had always loved, and Micaela says his
personality “became more volatile, unreasonable, obsessed with arguing, and delusional. He also started running away.”
米凯拉和杰拉德无法理解 12 岁的凯的性格和行为突然发生的变化。“他开始对所有事情感到恐慌，比如他的兄弟坐在沙发上高他太近，或者一个简单的小作业，"米凯拉
说。“茧I] 认为对他构成威胁的事情是其他人无法察觉的。他还开始产生黑暗的想法一一比如，他不想再活下去了。"凯对学校失去了兴趣，而这曾是他一直热爱的事情，米
凯拉说他的性格"变得更加反复无常、不讲道理、沉迷于争论，并且妄想。他还开始离家出走。”
Kais family doctor couldn't find any specific identifiable problem. Jerad, who is an ER doctor and family practitioner, was also unable to find anything after multiple rounds of
testing. Over the next year, Kai’s symptoms worsened—at one point requiring him to be committed to a psychiatric hospital. Doctors cycled him on and off various
medications to no avail. His middle school placed him on homebound studies because his behavioral issues were causing frequent disruptions in class.
凯的家庭医生无法发现任何具体的可识别问题。杰拉德是一名急诊科医生和家庭医生，在经过多轮检查后也未能发现任何问题。在接下来的几年里，凯的症状恶化了一一有
一次需要他被送进精神病院。医生们反复给他服用各种药物，但都无济于事。他的中学让他在家学习，因为他的行为问题导致课堂经常中断。
A Turning Point and Kai’s Path to a Diagnosis
转折点和凯的诊断之路
During this period of about 2 years, Micaela and Jerad had approached Kai’s symptoms as primarily a psychiatric issue. However, by the end of 2013, Kai was also
experiencing increasing flare ups of physical symptoms. He frequently alternated between periods where he experienced convulsions or extreme levels of physical energy.
These followed with episodes of lethargy and complete bodily collapse. Sometimes his face would swell or develop a pale, ashen color. He began to develop seizure-like
symptoms where he would suddenly become dazed and expressionless, unable to move, speak, respond, blink, or even swallow. Micaela and Jerad realized that these
flare ups of physical symptoms “correlated in time and intensity with the mental episodes.”
在这大约 2 年的时间里，Micaela 和 Jerad —B¥% Kai 的症状视为主要的精神问题。然而，到 2013 年底，Kai 也开始出现越来越多的身体症状。他经常在经历抽擅或极度身
体能量的时期之间交蔡。随后出现嗜睡和身体完全山溃的发作。有时他的脸会肿胀或变得若白。他开始出现类似疗病的症状，突然变得茫然和面无表情，无法移动、说话、
Ri, ARBAB. Micaela 和 Jerad 意识到这些身体症状的爆发"在时间和强度上与精神发作相关"。“那时我们的想法发生了很大转变,，"Micaela 说。 “Jerad 和我开始
将 kai 的疾病视为具有精神表现的身体疾病。"这对 Micaela 和 Jerad 来说是一个分水岭时刻，后来它会影响他们如何理解 Brielle 的一些类似症状。
“A big shift in thinking happened then,” says Micaela. “Jerad and | started viewing Kai's illness as a physical illness with mental manifestations.” This was a watershed
moment for Micaela and Jerad, and it would later inform how they understood some of Brielle’s similar symptoms.
A note from PANDAS Network: Seizure activity is typical of Autoimmune Encephalitis (AE). It is not seen currently in the PANDAS or PANS diagnosis. This makes it a “milder”
form of AE and is trickier to receive a diagnosis by a neurologist, in particular. Rheumatologists are increasingly the doctors diagnosing PANDAS/PANS because they focus
on more detailed immunological testing.
PANDAS 网络的一则说明: 疗痫活动是自身免疫性脑炎 (AE) 的典型症状。目前在 PANDAS 或 PANS 诊断中尚未发现。这使其成为一种“较轻"形式的 AE，尤其对于神经科医
生来说，更难获得诊断。风温病学家越来越多地成为诊断 PANDAS/PANS 的医生，因为他们专注于更详细的免疫学检测。
For two years, they found success managing Kais symptoms through alternative medicine and researching his complex and confusing condition. “His illness was impossible
to figure out. It had so many complexities, pieces, triggers, cascades, and as you can see, there were dozens and dozens of mental and physical manifestations,” says
Micaela. “It was discouraging that no doctor could figure out what was wrong with our son, and no test showed anything of major significance for five years after his main
onset.”
两年来，他们通过另类医学和研究他复杂目令人困惑的病情，成功地控制了凯的症状。“他的病情无法弄清楚。它有许多复杂性、部分、触发因素、级联反应，而且如你所
见，有几十种精神和身体表现，"米凯拉说。"令人泪形的是,五年来没有医生能弄清楚我们儿子的问题，也没有任何检查显示出任何重大意义。"”
In 2016, they had a breakthrough. Kai was referred to Dr. Alex Nelson, Functional Neurology Chiropractor, and also KU Med Integrative Medicine, where doctors ran a series
of new tests. “We ran a test called the Cunningham Panel that tested five areas of his brain for antibody attack,” says Micaela. “Four of the five areas of his brain came back
positive. Additionally, we had an ASO titer test run, and it came back high. This meant that Kai had high antibodies for strep found in his blood.” Doctors diagnosed Kai with
PANDAS, dysautonomia, and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS).
2016 年，他们取得了突破。凯被转诊给功能神经学背椎按摩师亚历克斯.纳尔逊博士，以及堪萨斯大学医学综合医学中心，那里的医生进行了一系列新的检查。 "我们进行
了一项称为坎宁安小组的检查，检查了他大脑的五个区域是否存在抗体攻击，"米凯拉说。“他大脑的五个区域中有四个呈阳性。此外，我们进行了一项 ASO 滴度检查，结
果很高。这意味着凯的血液中含有针对链球菌的高抗体。 "医生诊断凯串有儿童急性神经精神疾病、自主神经功能障碍和体位性直立性心动过速综合征 (POTS)。
The Onset of Brielle's Symptoms
布里埃尔症状的出现
“In the middle of all of this with Kai,” Micaela says, “our daughter, Brielle, had started having severe stomach pain—dull, sharp, and burning. This all started in approximately
2013 when she was about five.” Brielle started experiencing intense gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea and a horrible burning pain in her throat, as well
as jaw pain and heart-rate variability. “This became a chronic and daily issue, and it got to the point where she often couldn't live well,” says Micaela. “She couldn't even
sleep because of the pain and the stomach acid.”
Micaela’s experience researching dysautonomia before Kai’s eventual diagnosis set off alarm bells. She found that many of Brielle’s gastrointestinal issues were also key
symptoms of the disease. She and Jerad began to think that Brielle’s condition may also be at least partially explained by dysautonomia. “Since the autonomic nervous
system is so vast, the condition had carved a different path of destruction for each child,” says Micaela. “Hardly any symptom was the same in them, but we had noticed that
some of the triggers for their symptoms were the same, such as sugar, lack of sunshine, lack of sleep, and stress.”
在凯最终确诊之前，米凯拉研究自主神经功能障碍的经历敲响了警钟。她发现布里埃尔的许多胃肠道问题也是这种疾病的关键症状。她和杰拉德开始认为布里埃尔的病情也
可能至少部分由自主神经功能障碍来解释.。“由于自主神经系统非常让大，这种疾病对每个孩子造成的破坏路径都不同，"米凯拉说.。“他们几乎没有任何相同的症状，但我
们注意到他们症状的一些诱因是相同的，例如糖、缺乏阳光、睡眠不足和压力。”"在凯经历这一切的时候，"米凯拉说， "我们的女儿布里埃尔开始出现严重的胃痛一一迟
钝、尖锐和灼烧。这一切大约始于 2013 年，当时她大约五岁。"布里埃尔开始出现强烈的胃肠道症状，包括呕吐、腹泻和吃吡灼烧感，以及下巴疼痛和心率变异. “这成为
一个长期目每天都会出现的问题，并且到了她经常无法正常生活的地步，"米凯拉说。 "她甚至因为疼痛和骨酸而无法入睡。”
In March of 2017, a year after a week-long hospital stay during which doctors could find no specific cause of illness, Brielle developed a mix of flu-like illnesses with
frightening neurological symptoms. These included muscle stiffness, spasms and loss of consciousness. These symptoms developed into severe and near constant seizure
cycles. Brielle would struggle to breathe or control her muscles, often losing consciousness.
201T7 年 3 月，在医生找不到具体病因的一周住院治疗后一年，布里埃尔出现了一系列类似流感的疾病，伴有可怕的神经系统症状。这些症状包括肌肉僵硬、疼挛和失去意
识。这些症状发展成严重目几乎持续不断的意病发作周期。布里埃尔会努力呼吸或控制肌肉，经常失去意识。
“We were devastated as we watched our daughter lose her abilities to walk, speak, eat, process auditorily and visually, and connect with the world in any way,” Micaela
recalls. “Worse, in the short and few moments in which she could see and hear, she didn’t recognize us anymore. Her cognition went to zero. She was unaware of the world
she was in.”
“Be PA AILAATE, iid, Waik, ITN RS RRL, PASSER, KSUBI. “BREE, HEBAVLOSE, ob
可以看到并听到，但她不再认得我们了。她的认知能力降至零。她不知道自己身处何处。"”
Unlike Kai’s symptoms, which became gradually worse over time, Brielle’s condition worsened rapidly. “Within 27 days of her onset, our daughter was essentially gone,”
says Micaela. “She had lost everything about her except for her vital signs of life.”
SEAN, BRA, “从她发病到第 27 天，我们的女儿基本上就没了，"米凯拉说。 "除了生命体征外，她失去了所有东西。"”
Trying to Get a Diagnosis for Brielle
试图为布里埃尔确诊
Micaela and Jerad started seeing some consistent signs in Brielle’s test results. Both an MRI and EEG came back with the words “suggestive of encephalitis,” and she had
elevated antibodies indicative of strep and walking pneumonia. “At Mayo Clinic, we found she was also positive for Bartonella and another kind of antibody called anti-
GAD65, which the immune system isn’t supposed to make at all,” says Micaela. Additionally, a Cunningham Panel ordered by Dr. Nelson revealed that all five areas tested in
Brielle’s brain were under antibody attack.
米凯拉和杰拉德开始在布里埃尔的测试结果中看到一些一致的迹象。核磁共振成像和脑电图都显示出"提示脑炎"的字样，她的抗体升高，提示链球菌和步行性肺炎。 “在梅
奥诊所，我们发现她巴尔通体和另一种称为抗 GAD65 的抗体也呈阳性，免疫系统根本不应该产生这种抗体，"米凯拉说。此外，纳尔逊博士下令进行的坎宁安小组检查最
示，布里埃尔大脑中测试的五个区域都受到抗体的攻击。
GAD65 enzymes in the brain are responsible for converting an excitatory neurotransmitter called glutamate into a calming neurotransmitter called GABA. The anti-GAD65
antibodies found in Brielle’s tests effectively block this process from happening. “Now, because of these antibodies attacking her GAD65 enzymes, Brielle’s body could not
produce GABA and couldn't get rid of the excitatory glutamate,” Micaela says. “Jerad did tremendous research, and from that, we could put it all together that her body was
in constant excitatory distress, causing the seizures, hallucinations, spasms, stiffness, etc. The doctors, however, couldn't, or wouldn't, make the call.”
大脑中的 GAD65 酶负责将一种叫做谷氢酸的兴奋性神经递质转化为一种叫做 GABA 的镇静性神经递质。在 Brielle 的检测中发现的抗 GAD65 抗体有效地阻止了这一过程的
发生。"“现在，由于这些抗体攻击她的 GAD65 酶，Brielle 的身体无法产生 GABA，也无法摆脱兴奋性谷氨酚，"Micaela 说。“Jerad 做了大量研究，从这些研究中，我们可
以得出结论，她的身体处于持续的兴 训苦中，导致意冯发作、幻觉、冶挛、僵硬等。然而，医生们无法或不愿意做出判断。”
Despite these test results and continued symptoms, Micaela and Jerad struggled to get an official diagnosis. Doctors attwo different hospitals even insisted that Brielle was
faking her illness. “Finally, through the recommendation of Dr. Alex Nelson , who had tirelessly
helped us navigate through these nightmares,” says Micaela, “we ended up at the University of Missouri, Columbia, where Dr. Michael Cooperstock, infectious disease
specialist, took both Brielle and Kai into his care.”
尽管有这些检测结果和持续的症状，Micaela 和 Jerad 仍努力争取获得官方诊断。两家不同医院的医生甚至坚称 Brielle 是在装病。 "最后，在堪萨斯城 HML 功能护理中心的
功能神经病学背椎按摩师 Alex Nelson 博士的推荐下，他不知疲倦地帮助我们度过了这些璐梦，"Micaela 说"我们最终来到了密苏里大学哥伦比亚分校，传染病专家
Michael Cooperstock 博士将 Brielle 和 Kai 都纳入了他的照护范围。”
Treatment and the Long Road to Recovery
治疗和漫长的康复之路
Both Kai and Brielle were diagnosed with autoimmune encephalomyelitis by Dr Cooperstock, who said they were the two worst cases he’d ever seen. Over the next
several months, Brielle began an aggressive treatment regimen. First, three rounds of plasmapheresis to clear the autoimmune antibodies from her blood. Then, a single
two-part round of Rituximab, a chemotherapeutic agent that kills the B cells producing autoimmune antibodies. Finally, a few rounds of IVIG. Kai also received a
plasmapheresis treatment and several rounds of IVIG.
凯和布里埃尔都被库珀斯托克医生诊断出惠有自身免疫性脑背丹炎，他说这是他见过的最严重的两个病例。在接下来的几个月里，布里埃尔开始接受积极的治疗方案。首
先，三轮血浆置换术以清除血液中的自身免疫抗体。然后，一轮两部分的利受苦单抗，这是一种杀死产生自身免疫抗体的 B 细胞的化疗药物。最后，几轮静脉注射免疫球
蛋白。凯也接受了血浆置换治疗和几轮静脉注射免疫球蛋白。
“These treatments were not the magic bullet to heal everything, but they were very helpful (extremely helpful for Brielle), and absolutely essential for laying the foundation
for healing,” says Micaela. “Even after we had the treatments available, we had a lot of work to get their immune systems functioning properly again.”
“这些治疗方法并不是治愈一切的灵丹妙药，但它们非常有帮助 (对布里埃尔来说非常有帮助) ，并且对于英定康复基础绝对必不可少，"米凯拉说。 “即使我们已经有了这
些治疗方法，我们也做了很多工作来让他们的免疫系统再次正常运作。”
Both kids required several years of follow-up treatments and therapy to recover from the brain damage they suffered. For Brielle especially, the journey to regain her
language and motor skills was like starting over again from infancy. “Her brain had to redevelop from the bottom up,” says Micaela. “She had to go through all of her infant
and early childhood developmental stages again.”
两个孩子都需要几年的后续治疗和疗法来恢复他们遭受的脑损伤。对于布里埃尔来说，重新获得语言和运动技能的过程就像从婴儿期重新开始一样。 "她的大脑必须从头开
始重新发育，"米凯拉说。 "她必须再次经历婴儿期和儿童早期的所有发育阶段。"”
Brielle required physical therapy to help her learn to walk and speak again. She also needed MNRI occupational therapy to redevelop key motor reflexes and neurological
connections. By the time she could to return to school, she also contended with the effects of her illness on her academic progress. Kai had to go through an extra year of
high school after having been home-bound on and off through much of his prior 4 years. He even missed a full year at one point due to his illness. However, thanks to
extensive treatment and therapy routines as well as supportive teachers and school staff, he eventually graduated with a 3.95 GPA.
Brielle 需要物理治疗来帮助她重新学会走路和说话。她还需要 MNRI 职业治疗来重新发展关键的运动反射和神经连接。当她能够重返学校时，她还要应对疾病对她学业进步
的影响。Kai 在之前 4 年的大部分时间里断断续续地在家学习，之后不得不又多读了一年高中。他甚至因为疾病而有一年完全没有上学。然而，得益于广泛的治疗和治疗方
案以及支持性教师和学校工作人员，他最终以 3.95 的平均绩点毕业。
Kai and Brielle's Status Today, and the Importance of PANDAS/PANS Resources
Kai 和 Brielle 目前的状况以及 PANDAS/PANS 资源的重要性
After years of uncertainty, both Kai and Brielle are finally able to look toward a future without persistent symptoms. “Though it was an extremely long and intense journey,
we eventually got both of the kids back,” says Micaela. “Both kids are walking miracles. Kai is now 99% symptom free, a junior at KU, a computer science major with a 4.0.
He is on the KU disc golf team, works out at a gym almost every day, has a lot of friends for the first time in many years, and is even considering medical school. Brielle is
also in full remission from autoimmune encephalomyelitis. She can walk, speak, is on-target academically and she has been seizure-free since 2020.”
经过多年的不确定性，Kai 和 Brielle 终于能够展望一个没有持续症状的未来。 “虽然这是一个极其漫长而激烈的旅程，但我们最终让两个孩子都康复了，"Micaela 说。 "两个
孩子都是行走的奇迹。Kai 现在 99% 没有症状，是堪萨斯大学计算机科学专业三年级学生，平均绩点为 44.0。他加入了堪萨斯大学飞盘高尔夫队，几乎每天都在健身房锻
炼，多年来第一次有了很多朋友，甚至正在考虑医学院。Brielle 也完全缓解了自身免疫性脑准及炎。她可以走路、说话，学业成绩优异，并且自 2020 Hx Bee
BAF. ”
While the family is now firmly on the road to recovery, Micaela points out how much more difficult their journey was due to the lack of awareness, resources and education
about PANDAS/PANS and autoimmune encephalitis-related illnesses in their area. “There is not enough awareness for these illnesses,” she says. “So there are likely many
other parents out there who are struggling with what they naturally assume are psychiatric issues with their kids—issues that could very well be relieved in some cases with
treatments for the immune system.”
虽然这个家庭现在已经坚定地走上了康复之路，但 Micaela 指出，由于他们所在地区缺乏对 PANDAS/PANS 和自身免疫性脑炎相关疾病的认识、资源和教育，他们的旅程变
得更加艰难。 “人们对这些疾病的认识还不够，"她说。“因此，很可能还有许多其他父母正在与他们自然而然认为是孩子精神问题的事情作斗争一一在某些情况下，通过治
免疫系统，这些问题很可能得到缓解。”
Dr Cooperstock—who oversaw Brielle and Kais initial treatment一has since retired, and the doctor who took over Brielle’s care, Dr. llene Ruhoy, is in Seattle. When Kai went
into remission, Micaela says the family was unsure how they would handle a sudden flare up. “Our region is not equipped with doctors who are educated in these illnesses,
especially one as complex as his,” she says. “Having education brought to doctors in Kansas and the Kansas City area would be incredibly valuable. The unmet need is
currently devastating.” (Kai did experience a flare up in 2020, and is now under the care of Dr. Paula Kruppstadt and Dr. Brigitte Monrose in Texas.)
库珀斯托克医生一一负责布里埃尔和凯的最初治疗一一已经退休，接手布里埃尔治疗的医生伊琳.鲁玲伊医生在西雅图。当凯进入缓解期时，米凯拉说，家人不确定他们将如
何处理突然的复发。 "我们所在的地区没有受过这些疾病教育的医生，尤其是像他这样复杂的疾病，"她说。 "对堪萨斯州和堪萨斯城地区的医生进行教育将非常有价值。目
前未满足的需求正在造成毁灭性后果。” (凯确实在 2020 年经历了一次复发，现在由德克萨斯州的保拉.克和鲁普施塔特医生和布里吉特.蒙罗斯医生负责治疗。)
Addressing this gap in resources and education could also aid in earlier detection, diagnosis and ultimately treatment for these types of illnesses—saving families critical
time. “I wonder how our kids, our lives and our story would have been different if we’d had resources available to us, if we could have avoided all of the devastation,
trauma, and lost years,” says Micaela, “Again, early onset is the key. If you don't catch it early, it spreads its destruction, and then there is a lot of damage to repair.”
解决资源和教育方面的这一差距还有助于对这些类型的疾病进行早期检测、诊断和最终治疗一一为家庭节省关键时间。 "我想知道如果我们有可用的资源，如果我们能够避
免所有破坏、创伤和失去的岁月，我们的孩子、我们的生活和我们的故事会有什么不同，"米凯拉说, “同样，早期发作是关键。如果你没有尽早发现，它就会蔓延破坏，然
后就会有很多损害需要修复。”
Learn more about the signs and symptoms of PANDAS and find resources for healthcare providers on our website. You can also read more stories from families dealing with
PANDAS /PANS as well as find a support group in your area.
在我们的网站上了解有关 PANDAS 的体征和症状的更多信息，并查找医疗保健提供者的资源。您还可以阅读更多有关应对 PANDAS/PANS 的家庭的故事，以及在您所在地
区找到一个支持小组。
Thank you very much dedicated
families of Pennsylvania!
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